Who is responsible for maintaining and protecting PHI?

The responsibility for maintaining and protecting Protected Health Information (PHI) falls on both covered entities and business associates. Covered entities, which include healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses, are directly accountable for ensuring the privacy and security of PHI as per HIPAA regulations. They must implement safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility of PHI in their possession.

On the other hand, business associates are individuals or entities that perform certain functions or activities on behalf of a covered entity that involves the use or disclosure of PHI. Business associates are also required under HIPAA to maintain and protect PHI, typically through a Business Associate Agreement that outlines their responsibilities and obligations regarding the handling of PHI.

This shared responsibility reinforces the importance of a collaborative approach to safeguarding patient information, ensuring that both parties implement necessary measures to prevent data breaches and comply with HIPAA regulations. Therefore, the correct answer reflects the dual role both covered entities and business associates play in the protection of PHI.