What type of document must be signed to outline the responsibilities of a business associate regarding PHI?

The correct answer is the Business Associate Agreement. This document is essential for compliance with HIPAA regulations, specifically governing the relationship between a healthcare provider and a business associate who handles protected health information (PHI).

A Business Associate Agreement (BAA) explicitly outlines the responsibilities of the business associate concerning the use and protection of PHI. It details how the business associate can use PHI, requires compliance with HIPAA privacy and security rules, and sets forth the standards for safeguarding the information to prevent breaches and wrongful disclosures. This ensures that the necessary safeguards are in place to protect sensitive health information while establishing accountability for both parties.

While other types of agreements, such as Non-Disclosure Agreements and Service Level Agreements, may address certain confidentiality aspects, they do not encompass the specific legal requirements and duties mandated by HIPAA for the handling of PHI. An Employment Contract is also unrelated to the BAA's focus on the relationship and obligations between covered entities and business associates. Thus, only the Business Associate Agreement meets the necessary legal criteria for managing PHI responsibly under HIPAA guidelines.