What are the two main rules established by HIPAA?

The two main rules established by HIPAA are the Privacy Rule and the Security Rule. The Privacy Rule is fundamental to protecting individuals' medical records and personal health information (PHI). It mandates that covered entities, such as health care providers and plans, must implement measures to ensure that PHI is kept confidential and can only be shared under specific circumstances where patient consent is obtained or as required by law.

The Security Rule complements the Privacy Rule by focusing specifically on safeguarding electronic protected health information (ePHI). This rule lays out standards for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and security of ePHI through administrative, physical, and technical safeguards. These two rules work together to create a robust framework designed to protect patient information in both paper and electronic formats.

The other options reference terms that aren't established components of HIPAA regulations. For example, the Confidentiality Rule and the Transparency Rule do not exist in the context of HIPAA, nor are the Rights Rule and Access Rule recognized as distinct rules under the law. Similarly, while compliance is essential for HIPAA, there is no formal Compliance Rule outlined in the legislation. Thus, the correct identification of the Privacy Rule and Security Rule reflects the core objectives of HIPAA in safeguarding patient information.